Wednesday, 20 June 2012

Semana 23 - 22/06/2012

SEMANA DE EXAMENES


ted talk -Rob Reid: The $8 billion iPod

  • http://www.ted.com/talks/rob_reid_the_8_billion_ipod.html
  • Mr. Reid gives a hilarious speech about our economy and where all the lost and found money in the U.S economy is going. It is interesting to observe as technology increases changing the way we buy, listen and look at things, how is truly effects our economy. These effects have shown great unemployment rates and have caused great money loss. Because people can now , for example, download songs for free, music companies are losing money. Technology has advanced from mp3 players of the 90s that could only hold 20 songs to ipods today that can hold up to 80 billion songs! So now more than ever these free downloads that used to be products are crushing job and money opportunities. 

Thursday, 14 June 2012

Semana 22 - 15/06.2012

Análisis de Circuitos

  • Serie-->  voltaje cambia, corriente constante
  • Paralelo--> voltaje constante, corriente cambia
  • Mixto --> Ejemplo; 
        • R1=2Ω
        • R2=4Ω
        • R3=2Ω
        • R4=4Ω











Experimentos de la semana
Materiales


Primera experimento de la resonancia en serie

Segunda experimento de la resonancia en paralelo

La proxima semana vamos a seguir con el trecero experimento en mixto circuitos.



Sunday, 10 June 2012

Semana 21 - 10/06/2012

Análisis de circuitos heléktrikos 
Objectivo; determinar valtajes y corrientes en c/1 de los componentes del circuito

Circuito en serie


Rtotal= 3Ω+10Ω+5Ω=18Ω

I=V/R --> 9V/18Ω= 1/2Amperes (A)

VR1=(3Ω)(.5A)= 1.5V
VR2=(10Ω)(.5V)=5V
VR3=(5Ω)(.5V)=2.5V

                                                                                                Vtotal= 9V

Circuito en paralelo (los mismos numeros con circuito en serie)

Rtotal=1/3Ω+1/10Ω+1/5Ω=19/30Ω o .633Ω
I=9V/.633Ω=14.2A

IR1=9V/3Ω=3A
IR2=9V/10Ω=.9A
IR3=9V/5Ω=1.8A

Itotal= 5.7A


Friday, 1 June 2012

Semana 20 - 01/06/2012


Formas de electrización
Un atom ppuede ganar electrons y quedar con carga negative o perderlos y adquirir carga positive. La mesa del proton es caso dos mil veces mayor a la electron, pero la magnitud de sus cargas eléctricas es la misma.
--> La carga de un cuerpo es positive si pierde electronos y negative cuando los gana.--> Producen pequenas chispas eléctricas


Cajas de Frotamiento
El frotamiento es una manera sencilla de cargar eléctricamente un cuerpo. Cuando un objecto se electriza por fricción la carga no se crea, pues siempre ha estado ahí, ni se producen nuevos electrones, solo pasa de un cuerpo a otro.

Permitividad eléctrica
Permitividad relative/ coeficiente dielétrico = Er=F/F’
àcuando;
Er= permitividad relative del medio (adimensional)
            F= valor de fuerza eléctrica entre las cargas en el vacío en Newtons (N)
F’=valor de fuerza eléctrica entre las mismas cargas colocades en el medio en newtons (N)
v La relación que existe entre la fuerza eléctrica de estas mismas cargas sumergidas en algún madio a sustancio aislante.
h
Campo Eléctrico
E=F/q --> E=K(q1/d^2) cuando; E=campo eléctrico en Newtons sobre Coulombs (N/C)
K=contante de 9x10^9 en Nm^2/C^2
q=carga 1 en coulombs (C)
d=distancia de las cargas en metros (m)
--> Las lineas de fuerza estarán más juntas entre si cuando el campo eléctrico sea intenso y más seperadas al disminuir la intensidad.

Diferencia de Potencial
entre dos puntos cualquiera A y B es igual al trabajo por unidad de carga positiva que realizan fuerzas eléctricas al mover una carga de prueba desde el punto A y B.--> Vab= Tab/q
Cuando;
Vab= diferencia de potencial entre los puntos A y B determinada en volts (v)
Tab= trabajo sobre una carga de prueba q que se desplaza de A a B en Coulombs (C)
q= carga transportada en (C)
  • Determinado punto de un campo, sino cuál es la diferencia de esté entre 2 puntos y que determinar la cantidad de trabajo necesario para mover cargas eléctricas.

Potencial Eléctrico
V en cualquier punto de un campo eléctrico es igual al trabajo T que se necesita realizar para transportar a la unidad de carga positiva q desde el potencial cero hasta el punto considerado --> V=T/q
Cuando;
V=potencial eléctrico en el punto considerado en Volts (V)
T= trabajo realizado en Joules (J)
q= carga transportada en coulombs (C)

Ley de Ohm-
La intensidad de la corriente eléctrica que pasa por un conductor en un circuito es directamente proporcional a la diferencia de potencial aplicado a sus exremos a inversamente proporcional a la resistencia del conductor. --> I=V/R o V=IR
Cuando;
I=intensidad de la corriente que circula por el conductor en Amperes (A)
R=resistencia del conductor en Ohms (Ω)
V= diferencia de potencial aplicado a los extremos del conductor en Volts (V)


Los 4 tipos de materiales (conductores y aisladores eléctricos)
  1.       Aisladores- plásticos, madera
  2.   Conductores - todos las metales
  3.   Semi-conductores - silicone
  4.   Super conductores - lead, mercury, tin y muchos elementos más
Symboles de Circuitos Eléctricos

Circuitos Eléctricos
à Consiste de tres cosas
1.     Fuente de voltaje
2.     Material conductores o semi-conductores
3.     Cerrado (el movimiento)

Tipos de circuitos eléctricos
·      Circuito tipo R – son basicamente resistencias
·      Circuito tipo C – son solamente capacitors
·      Circuito tipo RC – tienen resistencias y capacitors
·      Circuito RLC – inductancia
à Hay 3 tipos de circuito tipo R
1.     Serie
2.     Paralelo
3.     Mixtos (los dos serie y paralelo)


Resistividad eléctrica
La Resistencia que corresponde a cada material recibe el nombre de Resistencia específica o resistividad (p). La resistividad de una sustancia a una determinada temperatura está detinida como la resitencia de un alambre de diche sustancia de 1m de largo y de 1m^2 de sección transversal.
Ecuación àconductividad= 1/resistividad ó o=1/p
Resistencia eléctrica
Por definición – es la oposición que presenta un conductor al paso de la corriente a flujo de eletrones.

Conductividad electrica
Se emplea para especificar la capacidad de un material para conducer la corriente y se define como la inversa de la resistividad. La ecuación es igual con resistividad eléctrica.







Friday, 25 May 2012

Semana 19 - 25/05/2012

Electromagnetismo

  •  Hay 2 tipos de cargas
    1. Positiva(+)
    2. Negativa (-)
  • Cargas de un atom son proton (+), electron (-) y nutron (=)
    • P.C.C --> La carga eléctrica no se crea ni se destruye, solo se transfiere (redistribución)
    • Ley de Cargas --> Si las cargas son iguales tienen repulsión. Si las cargas son diferentes tienen atracción.
  • Carga eléctrica de un proton= 1.6x10^-19 Coulombs
  • Carga eléctrica de un electron= -1.6x10^19 Coulombs

Ley de Coulomb
  • Fuerza eléctrica (Fe)=K(q1x q2÷d²)    cuando...
    • K (constante de fuerza eléctrica)= 9x10^9 en N(m²)/C² 
    • q1,q2= las cargas en Coulombs
    • d= distancia en metros
  • 1mC(millicoulomb)=10^-3C
  • 1MC(microcoulomb)=10^-6C
  • Carga de 1 coulomb= 6.25x10^18
Fuerza Gravitacional
  • (Fg)=G(m1xm2÷d²)        cuando....
    • G (constante de fuerza gravitational) = 6.67x10^-11 en N(m²)/Kg² 
    • m1,m2= masas en kilogramos 
    • d=distancia en metros
  • Masa de un proton (mp)= 1.67x10^-27 kg
  • Masa de un electron (me)=9.11x10^-31 kg
    • Masa de un proton= 1836x la masa de un electron
Permitividad reletiva o coeficiente dielélectricaà Er=F÷F`
Cuando;
Er= permitividad relative del medio (admisional)
F= valor de fuerza elétrica entre las cargas en el vacío en Newtons (N)
F`= valor de fuerza elétrica entre las misimas cargas colocadas en el medio en Newtons (N)

-->La relación que existe la fuerza elétrica de estas mismas cargas sumergidas en algún medio o sustancia aislante.




PAN - JOSEFINA
  • Educación- She said she has a commitment to accomplish total coverage in high school by 2018 so that all youth may access that educational level. In the case of university, to accomplish coverage of 50 percent. She has already improved the system of hiring professional by being able to reach an agreement with the teachers’ union so that that the positions for new teachers would go through a contest of merit. Before that, some teachers, when they were retiring, used to sell their posts, and not necessarily to other teachers.
  • Energía- One of Josefina's huge proposals is to improve the environment of Mexico. Within this proposal she intends to promote renewable energy sources at the right costs for the Mexican economy.
  • Ciencia y tecnología- Josefina believes that the productivity is essential for the correct growth of the Mexican culture and economy. Therefore she has proposed to support new productive sciences and technologies.


Friday, 18 May 2012

Semana 18 - 18/05/2012

Ted Talk Derek Sivers --> How to start a Movement


  • http://www.ted.com/talks/derek_sivers_how_to_start_a_movement.html
  • Derek Sivers uses interesting footage to help explain his goal of "trying to start a movement. In 2008, Sivers sold CD Baby to focus on his new ventures to benefit musicians, including his new company, MuckWork, where teams of efficient assistants help musicians do their "uncreative dirty work." With this back round he has been able to create a formula (in other words) to form a movement. It starts with the laeder and then take the support of a couple followers then you are one your way. I enjoyed this video becuase our current society needs more of these movements and more people to make it happen by making a change in their lives.


Friday, 11 May 2012

Semana 17 - 11/05/2012

Ted Talk - How to use a paper towel by Joe Smith

  • http://www.ted.com/talks/joe_smith_how_to_use_a_paper_towel.html
  • For me it's astonishing to think of how wasteful people can be without even really realizing it. For example Joe Smith exemplifies how 13 billion pounds of just paper towels are used yearly by Americans! If you observe people usually take 3-5 pieces of paper just to dry their hands. At the moment it doesn't seem that significant although if everyone did that every time they washed their hands the number of 13 billion pounds of paper would increase dramatically. In this case we have Joe Smith to show us how to ecologically dry our hands by the "shake and fold" method. This way we get some of the water off by shaking and utilize the most of a single piece of paper towel by folding. The whole concept of this idea seems silly at first but helping reduce things like the waste of paper will help conserve earths resources and true beauty.
REDUSE



Friday, 4 May 2012

Semana 16 - 04/05/12

Experimento de Ondas (con el pendulo)
--> Today in physics we experimented and observed the waves formed by a pendulum.

Line of equilibrium

  • Our pendulum consisted of a container with a hole at the mouth and a string attached to the base to form a swinging motion when moved.
  • With sand placed in the pendulum and paper underneath the pendulum, we first let it swing to see the line if equilibrium that the sand made on the paper. 
  • Second, we tested to see the waves of the pendulum by steadily moving the paper underneath the swinging pendulum.

Waves of pendulum



  • From this we can approximately see that how the pendulum moves in a wave like motion.








Ted Talk - How to buy happiness.

  • http://www.ted.com/talks/michael_norton_how_to_buy_happiness.html
  • Micheal Norton talks all about how people can in fact buy happiness. Although, man people think of this as buying items and different things for themselves to improve their lives, but this is not the case. The phrase of money CAN buy happiness is true if put in the contents of --> if spent properly. Ultimately, money (a majority of the time) makes people selfish there for making them socially incompetent and unpleasant to be with. If money was spent of different things, or in other words, different people, it is proven to make one happier no matter how much you spend. This theory has been tested world wide and has proven itself very true. From the words of Mr. norton, "The specific way that you spend on other people isn't nearly as important as the fact that you spend on other people.” Meaning no matter what you give someone else, it will make you happier than anything you buy for yourself. So the question is, what can you do to benefit others with your money before acting for yourself?

Friday, 27 April 2012

Semana 15 - 27/04/2012

Harmonic motions
--> Amplitude, Period, Frequency
Equation for amplitude and period when x is the position and t =time

Equation for frequency where the period is seen over 1
Equation for angular amplitude where the frequency is multiplied by 2

  • A is the amplitude of motion : the distance from the center of motion to either extreme. 
    T is the period of motion: the time for one complete cycle of the motion.
  • f is the frequency of motion: the rate of repetition of the motion -- the number of cycles per unit time.
  •  is the angular amplitude of motion: the rotational analogy to frequency
-->Phase
  • the Phase is the wave cycle which has elapsed relative to the origin.

Equation for a phase where "wt" has the phase in it
--> Velocity and Acceleration
Equation for finding velocity of a wave with phases and frequency

Equation for acceleration similar to velocity although squaring the angular frequency

Experimento del Agua
  • As seen in the MIT lecture, our class tested the experiment of transferring water from one bottle to another in the most efficient way possible.
  • In pairs we constructed the model from 2 plastic water bottles attaching the mouths of the bottles together with glue and tape, leaving about 400ml of water inside.
  • Next we observed and timed the motion of water from one bottle into the other. THis process was slow and the water moved into the lower bottle by creating bubbles that moved upward for the air to escape.
  • To speed up the process we made a spiraling motion that created a tunnel for the air to escape (instead of just through bubbles) this proved to be much faster  and more efficient.
Me with David and my creation for the experiment




Ecuaciones para los ejercicios
f=v÷(la onda) 
cuando....
  • f=frecuencia (Hz)
  • v=velocidad (m/s)
p=mv
cuando....
  • p=momentum
  • m=masa
  • v=velocidad
y=Asin(wt+ fase)
cuando...

  • A=amplitud
  • wt=angular frecuencia
  • t=periodo (tiempo que dura 1 ciclo)
w=2(pi) f
f=1/T --> T=1/f
cuando....
  • w=angular frecuencia
  • f= number de ciclos por unidad de tiempo en Hz (ciclos/segundos)
  • T=periodo
f
Ted Talk
  • http://www.ted.com/talks/lang/en/dan_pink_on_motivation.html
  • I truly enjoyed this ted talk! Dan Pink talks about businesses and types of motivations that are successful and others that are proven to fail. The motivators that science say are functional and work have been looked upon more recently as a failing system. These motivators are for example when your given a fairly straight forward task you are given a motive such as money to find the solution. From this one would think the greater the insentive the better the work. This has worked on tasks such as labor and physical work (straight forward) but when it came to being creative, the larger the insentive the worse the end result was. Therefore, Dan Pink believes that in order to motivate there are three manners that need to be considered. Autonomy, Purpose and Mastery need to be the motivators. Autonomy- "as in the urge to direct our own lives". Purpose- "as in the yearning to do what we do in service of something larger than ourselves". Last, Mastery- "the desire to get better at something that matters." I also believe in this philosophy and this is actually how I motivate myself now in school and small to large tasks throughout my life.